ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a major change in everyday life and also reinvigorated the theoretical and political discussion on the temporal rhythms of social existence. Taking the situation of the coronavirus crisis as a starting point, the present paper attempts to provide the outlines of a theoretical account of social deceleration, a topic that has been hitherto barely explored in the field of social studies of time. In view of the complexity of the phenomenon, a distinction is made between two ways of theoretically approaching it, namely, a descriptive and a normative perspective. The paper proceeds in three steps: First, upon adopting a descriptive perspective, it advances a definition of social deceleration and proposes a typology of its different manifestations. The second step analyzes the coronavirus crisis as a process of partial deceleration of social life. The final step gives an overview of the current normative, i.e., ethical-political, disputes over social speed. © 2022 Copyright 2022 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
ABSTRACT
Background: GC represents a worldwide problem;radical surgery remaining the gold standard of curative treatment. In the West, even with peri-operative chemotherapy, 5-year survival rate is approximately 40%. GC is a heterogeneous disease, well characterized by different molecular classifications, all having in common the role of the immune system and a T-cell inflamed phenotype across all subtypes. The anti-PD-L1 Av antibody has demonstrated efficacy in GC with response rates of around 10% in the refractory setting. The addition of other immune checkpoint inhibitors to chemotherapy have demonstrated efficacy in the metastatic setting. The combination of Av to perioperative chemotherapy may increase pathological responses by a synergistic effect, and then improving the survival (OS). Methods: The MONEO is an open-label, non-randomized, multicentric, phase II study that explores the combination of Av plus peri-operative FLOT (docetaxel, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil/leucovorin) in resectable GC pts. EudraCT 2019-000782-21;ClinicalTrials NCT03979131. Main inclusion criteria require pts with histologically proven GC, stage Ib (T1N1 only) - IIIC (7th AJCC Ed), available paraffin block from diagnosis and surgery, evaluable disease (RECIST 1.1) amenable to radical surgery. Significant comorbidities and active autoimmune diseases are excluded. Treatment consists of surgery with 4 peri-operatory cycles of FLOT + Av, followed by Av up to one year. The primary objective is the pathological complete response (pCR) rate, compared to historical data. Secondary objectives include OS, disease-free survival, R0 resection rate, tolerability and biomarker analysis. Key point is the comprehensive biomarker analysis from tissue and blood samples (pathological immune response, TCR clonality, immune contexture characterization, immunodynamic monitoring). Statistics for an estimated 33% pCR (historical 16%), 82% power, 0.1 one-side type I error. 37 pts will be recruited from 10 Spanish centers. The sponsor is Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), principal investigators Dr. Melero and Dr. Alsina. In compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. At a data cut-off day of 5 of February 2021, 38 patients have been enrolled, 27 of them have had the surgery. Although the difficulties during the COVID19 pandemia, only two patients had been withdrawn from the study.